Religion was at the centre of people's lives in Tudor England and religious life was difficult for both priests and people at this time.
Reginald Hyndmare was the Rector of Langar and Barnstone (1531-1538) when Henry VIII split the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534. England had been Roman Catholic for a thousand years, but in 1535 Henry made all priests swear an oath recognising that the King was now the head of the Church of England and not the Pope in Rome:
I, Reginald Hyndmare, do utterly testifie and declare in my Conscience, that the Kings Highnesse is the onely Supreame Governour of this Realme as well in all Spirituall or Ecclesiasticall things, as Temporall:
And that no forraine Prince or Person hath any Jurisdiction, Power or Authority within this Realme. I do promise that from henchforth I shall beare faith and true Allegiance to the Kings Highnesse:
so helpe me God, and by the contents of this Book. [The Bible]
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Robert Clarke,
the rector from 1538 to 1580, witnessed the greatest changes of all, living through the reigns of four very different monarchs:
King Henry VIII (r.1509-1547), King Edward VI (r.1547-1553),
Queen Mary I (r.1553-1558) and Queen Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603).
Like everyone in England born before 1534,
Robert Clarke was a Roman Catholic. But as a priest he had to swear the same oath as Reginald Hyndmare (above) - so Robert Clarke was now a Protestant. He witnessed Henry VIII closing the monasteries in 1536, selling their buildings and land and sending the monks away.
Then, when the protestant Edward VI became king, Robert had to clear his church of stained glass windows, statues and paintings and conduct services in English not Latin.
When the Roman Catholic Queen Mary came to the throne in 1553, she had Parliament pass a law accepting the Pope as Head of the Church, so Robert became Roman Catholic again:
Since the twentieth year of King Henry VIII of famous memory, Father unto your Majesty, much false doctrine hath been taught, preached and written and the Pope's Holiness sent hither away.
We ask God to call us home again into the right way and we have acknowledged our errors unto the most reverend Father, the Pope and by him have been received and embraced into the unity of Christ's Church.
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The protestant Elizabeth Tudor became queen in 1558 and, once again, all priests had swear an oath that Elizabeth was the Head of the Church of England and not the Pope.
Robert Clarke was a protestant once more:
I, Robert Clarke, do utterly testify and declare in my conscience that the Queen's Highness is the only supreme governor of this realm, as well in all spiritual or ecclesiastical things, as temporal, and that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction, power or authority within this realm;
I do utterly renounce and forsake all foreign jurisdictions, powers, superiorities and authorities, and do promise that from henceforth I shall bear faith and true allegiance to the Queen's Highness.
So help me God, and by the contents of this Book. [The Bible]
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Robert Clarke died in 1580 and was buried in the church. May he rest in peace!
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